Interpolation and stability properties of low-order face and edge virtual element spaces

Abstract We analyse the interpolation properties of two-dimensional and three-dimensional low-order virtual element (VE) face edge spaces, which generalize Nédélec Raviart–Thomas polynomials to polygonal-polyhedral meshes. Moreover, we investigate stability associated $L^2$-discrete bilinear forms, typically appear in VE discretization problems electromagnetism.